A red-shifted two-photon-only caging group for three-dimensional photorelease

Three-Dimensional Microfabrication by Two-Photon Polymerization

Photorelease of GABA with Visible Light Using an Inorganic Caging Group

We describe the selective photorelease of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) with a novel caged-GABA compound that uses a ruthenium complex as photosensor. This compound ("RuBi-GABA") can be excited with visible wavelengths, providing greater tissue penetration, less photo-toxicity, and faster photorelease kinetics than currently used UV light-sensitive caged compounds. Using pyramidal neurons fro...

Caging Polygons with Two and Three Fingers

We present algorithms for computing all placements of two and three fingers that cage a given polygonal object with n edges in the plane. A polygon is caged when it is impossible to take the polygon to infinity without penetrating one of the fingers. Using a classification into squeezing and stretching cagings, we provide an algorithm that reports all caging placements of two disc fingers in O(...

Deep two-photon brain imaging with a red-shifted fluorometric Ca2+ indicator.

In vivo Ca2+ imaging of neuronal populations in deep cortical layers has remained a major challenge, as the recording depth of two-photon microscopy is limited because of the scattering and absorption of photons in brain tissue. A possible strategy to increase the imaging depth is the use of red-shifted fluorescent dyes, as scattering of photons is reduced at long wavelengths. Here, we tested t...

Experimental two-photon, three-dimensional entanglement for quantum communication.

Orbital angular momentum entangled photons emitted by a down-conversion source are in higher dimensional entangled states. Here we report the experimental confirmation by demonstrating a violation of a generalized Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-type Bell inequality in three dimensions by more than 18 standard deviations. Higher dimensional entangled states allow the realization of new types of quan...